| HOUSTON DRUG DEFENSE ATTORNEY HOUSTON TEXAS DRUG CHARGE LAWYER HARRIS COUNTY DRUG CASE LAW FIRM |
| Morphine Morphine is the principal constituent of opium and ranges in concentration from 4 to 21 percent. Commercial opium is standardized to contain 10-percent morphine. In the United States, a small percentage of the morphine obtained from opium is used directly (about 20 tons); the remaining is converted to codeine and other derivatives (about 110 tons). Morphine is one of the most effective drugs known for the relief of severe pain and remains the standard against which new analgesics are measured. Like most narcotics, the use of morphine has increased significantly in recent years. Since 1998, there has been about a two-fold increase in the use of morphine products in the United States. Morphine is marketed under generic and brand name products including MS-Contin®, Oramorph SR®, MSIR®, Roxanol®, Kadian®, and RMS®. Morphine is used parenterally (by injection) for preoperative sedation, as a supplement to anesthesia, and for analgesia. It is the drug of choice for relieving the pain of myocardial infarction and for its cardiovascular effects in the treatment of acute pulmonary edema. Traditionally, morphine was almost exclusively used by injection. Today, morphine is marketed in a variety of forms, including oral solutions, immediate and sustained-release tablets and capsules, suppositories, and injectable preparations. In addition, the availability of high-concentration morphine preparations (i.e., 20-mg/ml oral solutions, 25-mg/ml injectable solutions, and 200-mg sustained-release tablets) partially reflects the use of this substance for chronic pain management in opiate-tolerant patients. |
| ANDY NOLEN, ATTORNEY AT LAW HOUSTON TEXAS CRIMINAL LAWYER |
| ANDY NOLEN, EXPERIENCED DRUG CASE DEFENSE ATTORNEY OVER 15 YEARS DRUG CHARGE DEFENSE EXPERIENCE |
| ANDY NOLEN, HOUSTON CRIMINAL DRUG DEFENSE LAWYER HUNDREDS OF CASES DISMISSED |
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